Yog vim li cas sponge npuag sib xyaw ua ke yooj yim thiab cushioning nrog cov qauv tsim muaj zog yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv qhov tseeb piv thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm nws cov khoom siv tshuaj. Raws li cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov sponge hlwb thiab lub hauv paus ntaub, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm daim txhuam cev tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob qhov tseem ceeb - cov polymer matrix ntawm daim txhuam cev txheej thiab cov fiber ntau ntawm cov txheej woven. Ob lub ntsiab lus no, ntawm qib molecular, txiav txim siab cov khoom siv kho tshuab, durability, breathability, thiab ib puag ncig adaptability.
Lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm daim txhuam cev yog feem ntau yog polyurethane (PU) lossis polyethylene (PE) polymer. Polyurethane yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization ntawm polyols thiab isocyanates nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm catalyst. Nws cov saw molecular muaj urethane bonds, muab cov khoom zoo elastic rov qab thiab nruab nrab adjustable hardness. Los ntawm kev kho qhov hnyav molecular thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm polyol thiab hom isocyanate, qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv ntawm tes thiab lub zog muaj zog tuaj yeem tswj tau, yog li cuam tshuam rau daim txhuam cev compression resilience thiab load-cov kabmob muaj peev xwm. Polyethylene ua npuas ncauj feem ntau yog ua los ntawm qis- ntom los yog siab- ntom polyethylene resin los ntawm lub cev los yog tshuaj foaming. Nws cov saw hlau molecular hloov pauv tau thiab muaj cov crystallinity nruab nrab, nthuav tawm lub teeb yuag, dej tsis kam, thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, ua rau nws haum rau damp lossis ya raws - pov thawj ib puag ncig.
Thaum lub sij hawm ua npuas dej, cov neeg ua npuas dej (xws li dej thiab qis- boiling- cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw xws li pentanes), ua npuas ncauj stabilizers (silicone surfactants), thiab cov kab sib txuas (xws li diisocyanates lossis peroxides) feem ntau ntxiv. Tus neeg sawv cev foaming vaporizes thaum cua sov los yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsim npuas nuclei; lub npuas stabilizer ua kom lub cev sib npaug ntawm tes thiab tiv thaiv kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev sib tsoo; thiab tus neeg sawv cev crosslinking tsim ib qho peb - cov qauv kev sib txuas ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov saw hlau molecular, txhim kho qhov ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm kub. Hom thiab tus nqi ntawm cov additives no ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov npuas lub pore loj uniformity, resilience, thiab durability.
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntaub hauv paus yog nyob ntawm cov fiber ntau xaiv, feem ntau muaj xws li polyester (PET), polyamide (PA, nylon), paj rwb fibers, los yog blends. Polyester fibers yog tsim los ntawm condensation polymerization ntawm terephthalic acid thiab ethylene glycol. Lawv cov chains molecular tsis tu ncua thiab polarity tsawg muab lub hauv paus ntaub zoo heev puas kuj, wrinkle tsis kam, thiab seem stability. Polyamide fibers muaj amide bonds thiab muaj zog intermolecular hydrogen bonding, muab lub hauv paus ntaub siab toughness thiab resilience. Paj rwb fibers yog ntuj cellulose, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv hydroxyl pab pawg neeg, daim tawv nqaij - tus phooj ywg thiab breathable, tab sis nrog qis qis zog, thiab feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov xav tau ib tug xis nyob. Lub hauv paus ntaub yuav raug kho tshuaj ua ntej xaws, xws li hydrophilic finishing, waterproof coatings, los yog nplaim taws- hloov kho retardant, kom nthuav dav nws siv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb ib puag ncig.
Cov nplaum siv hauv cov khoom sib txuas kuj tseem yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, feem ntau yog siv polyurethane, acrylic, los yog kub- nplaum nplaum. Polyurethane adhesives muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub cev daim txhuam cev, tsim cov nplaum nplaum yooj yim thiab tsis txhob tawv tawv; acrylic nplaum muaj cov huab cua zoo, haum rau sab nraum zoov lossis ib puag ncig nrog qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv; kub-cov nplaum nplaum yaj thaum cua sov thiab tom qab ntawd txias kom khov, txheej txheem yooj yim uas hnyav dua -dawb thiab ntau tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig.
Feem ntau, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm daim txhuam cev yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj cov khoom siv siab molecular polymer matrix, foaming thiab stabilizing agents, fiber substrate, thiab interfacial nplaum. Cov hom, kev faib ua feem, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom no txiav txim siab cov khoom siv tau zoo, huab cua permeability, tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm, thiab kev pabcuam lub neej, thiab tseem muab cov molecular tswj tau - theem hauv paus rau kev ua tau zoo - taw qhia tsim rau ntau yam kev thov.
